纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英硅谷企业游说政府对中国AI发展采取更强硬态度

In recent weeks, American lawmakers have moved to ban the Chinese-owned app TikTok. President Biden reinforced his commitment to overcome China’s rise in tech. And the Chinese government added chips from Intel and AMD to a blacklist of imports.

最近几周，美国立法者开始就禁止中国拥有的应用程序TikTok采取行动。拜登总统重申了压制中国科技崛起的承诺。中国政府则将英特尔和AMD的芯片列入进口黑名单。

Now, as the tech and economic cold war between the United States and China accelerates, Silicon Valley’s leaders are capitalizing on the strife with a lobbying push for their interests in another promising field of technology: artificial intelligence.

现在，随着美国和中国之间的科技和经济冷战加速，硅谷业界领袖们正在利用这场冲突进行游说，争取他们在人工智能方面的利益，这是另一个前景广阔的技术领域。

On May 1, more than 100 tech chiefs and investors, including Alex Karp, the head of the defense contractor Palantir, and Roelof Botha, the managing partner of the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, will come to Washington for a daylong conference and private dinner focused on drumming up more hawkishness toward China’s progress in A.I.

5月1日，包括国防承包商帕兰泰尔(Palantir)负责人亚历克斯·卡普以及风险投资公司红杉资本管理合伙人罗洛夫·博塔在内，100多名科技公司负责人和投资者将来到华盛顿，参加为期一天的会议和私人晚宴，活动重点是鼓励对中国在人工智能方面的进展采取更强硬的态度。

Dozens of lawmakers, including Speaker Mike Johnson, Republican of Louisiana, will also attend the event, the Hill & Valley Forum, which will include fireside chats and keynote discussions with members of a new House A.I. task force.

路易斯安那州共和党人、议长迈克·约翰逊等数十名议员也将出席这次名为“山与谷论坛”的活动，活动将包括与众议院新成立的人工智能特别工作组成员进行围炉谈话和主题讨论。

Tech executives plan to use the event to directly lobby against A.I. regulations that they consider onerous, as well as ask for more government spending on the technology and research to support its development. They also plan to ask to relax immigration restrictions to bring more A.I. experts to the United States.

科技公司高管计划利用这次活动直接游说反对他们认为繁琐的人工智能监管规定，并要求政府在这项技术和研究上增加支出，以支持其发展。他们还计划要求放宽移民限制，让更多的人工智能专家来到美国。

The event highlights an unusual area of agreement between Washington and Silicon Valley, which have long clashed on topics like data privacy, children’s online protections and even China.

这次活动显示华盛顿和硅谷在一个不同寻常的领域达成了一致，长期以来，双方在数据隐私、儿童网络保护甚至中国等问题上一直存在冲突。

“At the end of the day, whether you are in industry or government, or whatever side of the aisle you are on, we play for team America,” said Representative Jay Obernolte of California, the Republican chair of the House A.I. Task Force, who will give opening remarks at the conference.

“说到底，无论你在工业界还是政府部门，无论你站在哪一边，我们都是为美国队效力，”众议院人工智能特别工作组主席、加州众议员、共和党人杰伊·奥伯诺尔特说。他将在大会上致开幕词。

After the rise over the past year of generative A.I. — technology that has the potential to fundamentally shift productivity, innovation and employment trends — lobbying on the topic has exploded. Last year, more than 450 companies, nonprofits, universities and trade groups reported lobbying on A.I., more than double the number of organizations in the previous year, according to OpenSecrets, a nonprofit research group. Palantir more than doubled its spending on lobbying last year to $5 million, its highest level on record.

过去一年里，生成式人工智能——一种有可能从根本上改变生产力、创新和就业趋势的技术——兴起后，围绕这个话题的游说活动激增。根据非营利研究机构OpenSecrets的数据，去年有450多家公司、非营利组织、大学和贸易团体就人工智能进行了游说，是前一年的两倍多。帕兰泰尔去年的游说支出增加了一倍多，达到500万美元，创历史最高水平。

As tech leaders capitalize on anti-China fervor in Washington, civil society groups and academics warn that debates over competition for tech leadership could hurt efforts to regulate potential harms, such as the risks that some A.I. tools could kill jobs, spread disinformation, and disrupt elections.

民间社会团体和学者警告说，随着科技领导者利用华盛顿的反华热潮，围绕科技领导力竞争的辩论可能会损害监管潜在危害的努力，比如一些人工智能工具可能会扼杀就业、传播虚假信息和扰乱选举。

“The dynamics of this U.S. v. China race has profound implications because on the other side of slowing down China is minimal friction and regulation for U.S. companies,” said Amba Kak, who is the executive director of the AI Now Institute, a research firm, and a former senior adviser on A.I. to the Federal Trade Commission.

“这场中美竞争的动态具有深远的影响，因为让中国放慢速度的另一方面是美国公司的摩擦和监管最小化，”研究公司AI Now Institute执行董事、前联邦贸易委员会人工智能高级顾问安巴·卡克说。

A.I. experts say China lags the United States in generative A.I. by at least a year and may be falling further behind, although a new study suggests that it is ahead in the talent.

人工智能专家表示，中国在生成式人工智能方面落后美国至少一年，而且可能会进一步落后，尽管一项新的研究表明，中国在人才方面领先美国。

May’s event is being organized by Jacob Helberg, a senior adviser to Palantir and a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, which reports to Congress on national security threats posed by China. He expanded this year’s forum from the first gathering he organized last year, which was a private dinner focused largely on the threat of TikTok, which is owned by Beijing-based ByteDance.

5月的活动由帕兰泰尔高级顾问、美中经济与安全评估委员会成员雅各布·赫尔伯格组织，该委员会向国会报告中国构成的国家安全威胁。去年，他首次组织了一场私人晚宴，主要讨论总部位于北京的字节跳动公司旗下产品TikTok的威胁，他在那次聚会的基础上扩展了今年的论坛。

In addition to A.I., lawmakers speaking at the event in the Capitol will push for the Senate to pass legislation to ban TikTok, and Tom Mueller, a founding employee of SpaceX, will speak about the space race between the United States and China. Attendees will include Senator Mike Rounds, Republican of South Dakota and the ranking member of the Armed Services Committee, and Representative Ritchie Torres, a New York Democrat on the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party.

该活动在国会大厦内举行，除了人工智能，发言的议员们还将推动参议院通过禁止TikTok的立法，SpaceX的创始员工汤姆·穆勒将就美国和中国之间的太空竞赛发表演讲。出席者还包括南达科他州共和党参议员、军事委员会资深成员迈克·朗兹，以及众议院中共问题特别委员会成员、纽约州民主党众议员里奇·托雷斯。

“Tech companies can’t be neutral any more,” Mr. Helberg said, adding that he recuses himself from any work involving contracts on the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission that could give Palantir an advantage.

“科技公司不能再保持中立了，”赫尔伯格说。他还表示，自己回避了任何涉及美中经济与安全审查委员会承包合同的工作，因为这些合同可能会给帕兰泰尔带来优势。

Venture capitalists attending the event have dozens of A.I. investments. Sequoia has invested in more than 70 A.I. startups. Khosla Ventures, a $15 billion venture firm, has several investments, including in OpenAI, the company behind the ChatGPT chatbot.

参加此次活动的风险投资家进行了数十项人工智能投资。红杉资本投资了70多家人工智能初创公司。市值150亿美元的风投公司科斯拉风投有多项投资，其中包括ChatGPT聊天机器人背后的OpenAI公司。

“It’s become even more obvious, even more critical, that we treat China as an adversary,” said Vinod Khosla, the head of Khosla Ventures who will speak at the forum. “What I’m worrying about is Western values versus a different set of values in China.”

“我们把中国视为对手，这一点变得更加明显、更加关键了，”将在论坛上发言的科斯拉风险投资公司负责人维诺德·科斯拉说。“我担心的是西方价值观与中国那一套不同的价值观之间的矛盾。”