纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英美财长警告中国绿色能源出口威胁全球供应链

The Biden administration is growing increasingly concerned that a glut of heavily subsidized green technology exports from China is distorting global markets and plans to confront Chinese officials about the problem during an upcoming round of economic talks in Beijing.

拜登政府越来越担心，中国得到大量补贴的绿色技术出口已导致供过于求，正在扭曲全球市场，打算在北京即将举行的新一轮经济谈判中就这一问题与中国官员交锋。

The tension over industrial policy is flaring as the United States invests heavily in production of solar technology and electric vehicle batteries with funding from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, while China pumps money into its factory sector to help stimulate its sluggish economy. President Biden and Xi Jinping, China’s leader, have sought to stabilize the relationship between the world’s two largest economies, but differences over trade policy, investment restrictions and cyberespionage continue to strain ties.

有关产业政策的紧张局势正在加剧，美国已通过了《2022年通货膨胀削减法》，该法为太阳能技术和电动汽车电池的生产提供大量资金，而中国则在为帮助刺激国内低迷的经济向制造业注入大量资金。虽然美国总统拜登和中国领导人习近平已在寻求稳定世界两大经济体之间的关系，但两国关系因贸易政策、投资限制和网络间谍活动的分歧而持续紧张。

In a speech on Wednesday afternoon, Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen laid out her plans to raise the issue of overcapacity with her Chinese counterparts. At the Suniva solar cell factory in Norcross, Ga., she warned that China’s export strategy threatened to destabilize global supply chains that were developing around industries such as solar, electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries.

美国财政部长耶伦在周三下午的一个讲话中阐明，她打算向中国官员提出产能过剩的问题。她在佐治亚州诺克罗斯的苏尼瓦太阳能电池工厂发表讲话时警告，中国的出口战略给围绕着太阳能、电动汽车和锂离子电池等行业正在形成的全球供应链的稳定带来威胁。

“China’s overcapacity distorts global prices and production patterns and hurts American firms and workers, as well as firms and workers around the world,” Ms. Yellen said. “Challenges for individual firms can lead to concentrated supply chains, negatively impacting global economic resilience.”

“中国的产能过剩扭曲了全球市场的价格和生产模式，损害了美国企业和工人的利益，也损害了世界各地的企业和工人的利益，”耶伦说。“个别企业面临的挑战能导致供应链的集中，对全球的经济适应能力造成负面影响。”

The Treasury secretary is expected to make her second trip to China in the coming weeks. The South China Morning Post reported that she will visit Guangzhou and Beijing in early April. The Treasury Department declined to comment on her travel plans.

美国财政部长预计将在未来几周内第二次访华。据《南华早报》报道，她将在4月初访问广州和北京。财政部拒绝就耶伦的出访计划发表评论。

 In her speech in Georgia, Ms. Yellen compared China’s investments in green energy technology production to what she described as its previous overinvestment in steel and aluminum, saying it created “global spillovers.”

在佐治亚州的讲话中，耶伦将把中国对绿色能源技术生产的投资与她所谓中国之前对钢铁和铝业的过度投资进行比较，并说以前的过度投资产生了“全球溢出效应”。

“It is important to the president and me that American firms and workers can compete on a level playing field,” Ms. Yellen said. “We have raised overcapacity in previous discussions with China, and I plan to make it a key issue in discussions during my next trip there.”

“对总统和我来说，让美国公司和工人能够在公平环境中竞争非常重要，”耶伦说。“我们已在以前的讨论中向中国提出了产能过剩的问题，我打算在下次访华时把这个问题作为讨论的重点。”

She added: “I will press my Chinese counterparts to take necessary steps to address this issue.”

她还说：“我会向中国官员施压，让他们采取必要措施解决这个问题。”

 Ms. Yellen visited Suniva because it is a prime example of how the Biden administration’s industrial investments are reviving struggling companies. The solar panel company closed its Norcross plant in 2017 in part because cheap imports were flooding the U.S. market; it plans to reopen the factory this spring thanks to the Biden administration’s green energy investments.

耶伦造访苏尼瓦是因为，那里是拜登政府的工业投资如何重振陷入困境企业的一个典型例子。这家太阳能电池板公司曾于2017年关闭了在诺克罗斯的工厂，一定程度上是廉价进口产品冲击美国市场所致。由于得到了拜登政府的绿色能源投资，公司打算在今年春天重启这家工厂。

The Treasury Department estimates that the private sector has announced more than $200 billion of clean power investments since the Inflation Reduction Act, which included nearly $400 billion in tax credits and subsidies for low-emission forms of energy production, was passed.

据美国财政部估计，自《通货膨胀削减法》通过以来，私营部门已宣布了逾2000亿美元的清洁能源投资。该法案包括近4000亿美元的税收抵免和对低排放形式的能源生产补贴。

China, which invested more than $130 billion in its solar sector last year, has voiced its own frustration about America’s manufacturing investments. Buyers of electric vehicles that contain components made in China, Russia, North Korea or Iran are not eligible for generous U.S. tax credits.

中国去年对本国的太阳能行业投入了相当于逾1300亿美元的资金，并对美国的制造业投资表达了自己的不满。消费者一旦购买含有中国、俄罗斯、朝鲜或伊朗制造的零部件的电动汽车，就没有资格享受美国政府慷慨的税收抵免。

China filed a complaint Tuesday with the World Trade Organization arguing that the Biden administration’s electric vehicle subsidy policies are discriminatory.

中国已在周二向世界贸易组织提出申诉，称拜登政府的电动汽车补贴政策具有歧视性。

On Wednesday, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, struck a rosy tone in a meeting with American business leaders and academics in Beijing. He told the executives that China was “building a first-class business environment that is market oriented.” He added that in traditional areas like trade and new ones such as climate change and artificial intelligence, “China and the United States should become boosters for each other’s development, not obstructions on each other.”

周三在北京会见美国商界领袖和学者时，中国领导人习近平在讲话中表示了乐观。他告诉高管们，中国正在“持续建设市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境”。他还说，在贸易等传统领域以及气候变化、人工智能等新领域，“中美应该成为对方发展的助力，而不应该成为阻力。”

Among the executives with Mr. Xi were Stephen A. Schwarzman, the chairman of Blackstone; Craig Allen, the president of the U.S.-China Business Council; and Cristiano Amon, the president of Qualcomm.

参与会面的高管包括黑石集团董事长苏世民(Stephen A. Schwarzman)、美中贸易全国委员会主席克雷格·艾伦，以及高通公司总裁克里斯蒂亚诺·阿蒙。