纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英拜登在国情咨文讲话中将如何提及中国

President Biden and his aides have said China poses the greatest long-term challenge to the United States. This is a message he could reiterate in his State of the Union address on Thursday, especially because China has been a potent foreign policy issue invoked by American politicians in recent election years.

拜登总统及其助手曾表示，中国对美国构成了最大的长期挑战。他可能会在周四的国情咨文演讲中重申这一信息，特别是因为在最近的选举年里，它被美国的政界人士反复提及，成为了一个重要的外交政策议题。

In his 2020 campaign and during his tenure as president, Mr. Biden has stuck to a get-tough-on-China message, a continuation of the public posture that Donald J. Trump pushed in his previous campaigns and when he was in office.

在2020年的竞选活动和随后的总统任期内，拜登一直对中国采取强硬态度，延续了特朗普在之前的竞选活动和执政期间的公开姿态。

Mr. Biden and his aides have argued that their strategy on China has been more coherent and ambitious than that of Mr. Trump. They seek to emphasize ways in which they have strengthened the presence of the U.S. military in the Asia-Pacific region and bolstered the war-fighting capabilities of treaty allies: Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and Australia. All these nations harbor some suspicions over China’s rapid military growth and its expansionist policy in the South and East China Seas.

拜登及其助手认为，他们的对华战略比特朗普的更加连贯和雄心勃勃。他们试图强调自己是如何加强美国在亚太地区的军事存在，并增强日本、韩国、菲律宾和澳大利亚等条约盟友的作战能力的。这些国家都对中国快速的军事增长及其在南海和东海的扩张政策心存疑虑。

From the perspective of the Biden administration, new military agreements and coalitions among Asian allies help deter potential aggressive moves by China.

从拜登政府的角度来看，亚洲盟友之间新的军事协议和联盟有助于遏制中国潜在的挑衅行动。

Mr. Biden also points to actions he has taken to constrain advances in Chinese technology that he says has national security implications, including artificial intelligence and quantum computing.

拜登还指出了他为限制中国技术进步而采取的举措，他认为这些技术——包括人工智能和量子计算——会影响国家安全。

On that front, he has tried to get allied nations, namely Japan and the Netherlands, to limit exports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China, and the Commerce Department has imposed export controls on advanced semiconductor chips to Chinese companies.

在这方面，他试图让日本和荷兰等盟国限制向中国出口半导体制造设备，商务部也对中国企业实施了先进半导体芯片的出口管制。

His national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, has said the goal is to take a “small yard, high fence” approach to protecting critical technology in the United States and other nations that China could use for military or espionage purposes.

拜登的国家安全顾问沙利文表示，其目标是采取“小院子、高围栏”的方式来保护美国和其他国家的关键技术，以防中国将这些技术用于军事或间谍目的。

Relations between the United States and China reached the lowest point in decades in February 2023, when the Pentagon discovered a Chinese spy balloon floating over the continental United States. After a few days, a U.S. fighter jet shot down the balloon off the East Coast, which inflamed Chinese officials. That same month, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken accused China of considering sending arms to Russia for use in its war in Ukraine.

2023年2月，五角大楼发现一个中国间谍气球飘浮在美国大陆上空，美中关系降至几十年来的最低点。几天后，一架美国战斗机在东海岸将其击落，这激怒了中国官员。同月，国务卿布林肯指责中国考虑向俄罗斯提供武器，以用于乌克兰战争。

China refused for months to engage in high-level diplomacy. Then Xi Jinping, China’s leader, welcomed Mr. Blinken to Beijing in June, his first visit there in his post. Other cabinet-level American officials followed. In November, Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi met near San Francisco, on the sidelines of an economic summit of Asian and Pacific nations. The two leaders agreed that their militaries should resume direct high-level talks, and the first set of the discussions among officers took place in January in Washington.

中国在随后几个月拒绝进行高层外交。后来，中国领导人习近平于6月会见访问北京的布林肯，那是布林肯就任后首次访华。其他内阁级别的美国官员也随后开启访问。11月，拜登和习近平在一次亚太经和组织领导人非正式会议期间，在旧金山附近举行了会晤。两国领导人同意军方应恢复直接的高层会谈，军队官员之间的第一轮讨论于1月在华盛顿举行。

“Our strategy was to use those meetings to open up a two-way flow of exchanges, and that’s exactly what happened,” Jake Sullivan, the White House national security adviser, said in a January speech on China at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, referring to the series of high-level meetings that took place in 2023. “This intensive diplomacy was about managing tough issues rather than patching up the relationship.”

“我们的战略是利用这些会议开启双向交流，这正是所发生的事情，”白宫国家安全顾问沙利文1月在华盛顿外交关系委员会上一次关于中国的讲话时说，他指的是2023年举行的一系列中美高层会议。“这种密集的外交是为了解决棘手问题，而不是修补关系。”

Many analysts see the status of Taiwan, the de facto independent island, as the biggest flashpoint between the two nations, and U.S. officials say the militaries should have channels of communication to avoid misunderstandings that could lead to a fatal escalation.

许多分析人士认为，事实上独立的岛屿台湾的地位是中美之间最大的冲突点，美国官员表示，两国军队应该建立沟通渠道，以避免可能导致发生灾难性升级的误解。

The Biden administration has also said Chinese officials are now willing to speak with U.S. and Mexican counterparts about how to better prevent chemicals made by Chinese companies from being used in the illicit production of fentanyl in Mexico and other parts of North America.

拜登政府还表示，中国官员现在愿意就如何更好地防止中国公司生产的化学品被用于在墨西哥和北美其他地区非法生产芬太尼的问题与美墨两国官员进行交流。

U.S. officials say relations between the world’s two superpower rivals are now stable, if consistently tense, and Mr. Biden could emphasize that when he speaks to Congress on Thursday night.

美国官员说，这两个世界超级大国竞争对手之间的关系是稳定的，尽管一直处于紧张状态，拜登周四晚在国会发言时可能会强调这一点。