纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英调查显示两名加拿大华裔科学家向中国泄露机密信息

Two scientists who worked at Canada’s top microbiology lab passed on secret scientific information to China, and one of them was a “realistic and credible threat to Canada’s economic security,” documents from the national intelligence agency and a security investigation show.

加拿大国家情报机构的文件和一项安全调查显示，两名在加拿大顶级微生物实验室工作的科学家向中国传递了机密科学信息，其中一人“对加拿大经济安全构成了现实和可信的威胁”。

The hundreds of pages of reports about the two researchers, Xiangguo Qiu and Keding Cheng, who were married and born in China, were released to the House of Commons late Wednesday after a national security review by a special parliamentary committee and a panel of three retired senior judges.

在一个国会特别委员会和一个由三名退休高级法官组成的小组进行国家安全审查之后，有关这两名研究人员——在中国出生的邱香果和成克定夫妇——的数百页报告于周三晚些时候提交给了众议院。

Canadian officials, who have warned that the country’s academic and research institutions are a target of Chinese intelligence campaigns, have tightened rules around collaborating with foreign universities. Canadian universities can now be disqualified from federal funding if they enter into partnerships with any of 100 institutions in China, Russia and Iran.

加拿大官员警告，学术和研究机构是中国情报活动的目标，他们已经收紧了与外国大学合作的规定。现在，加拿大的大学如果与中国、俄罗斯和伊朗的100所院校中的任何一所建立合作关系，都会被取消获得联邦资助的资格。

The release of the documents was the subject of a prolonged debate in Parliament that began before the last federal election, in September 2021. Opposition parties asked to see the records at least four times and found the Liberal government to be in contempt of Parliament in 2021. The government filed a lawsuit in an attempt to keep the records hidden, but dropped it when the vote was called.

这些文件的公布是议会长期辩论的主题，始于2021年9月上届联邦选举之前。反对党至少四次要求查看记录，并在2021年认定自由党政府藐视议会。政府曾提起诉讼，试图继续隐瞒这些记录，但在投票开始时放弃了诉讼。

The release comes as the country is holding a special inquiry led by a judge to look into allegations that China and other foreign nations have interfered in Canadian elections and political parties. Some of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s political opponents have charged that his government has failed to respond adequately to Chinese meddling in Canadian affairs.

文件公开之际，加拿大正在进行由一名法官领导的特别调查，事关中国和其他外国干涉加拿大选举和政党的指控。总理特鲁多的一些政治对手指责他的政府未能对中国干预加拿大事务做出充分回应。

But Mark Holland, the federal health minister in Canada, told reporters late Wednesday that at “no time did national secrets or information that threatened the security of Canada leave the lab.”

但加拿大卫生部部长马克·霍兰德周三晚些时候告诉记者，“任何时候都不曾有威胁加拿大安全的国家机密或信息离开实验室。”

The couple were escorted out of their labs at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba, during the summer of 2019 and later stripped of their security clearances. They were fired in January 2021.

2019年夏天，这对夫妇被护送出位于曼尼托巴省温尼伯的国家微生物实验室，后来被取消了安全许可。他们于2021年1月遭解雇。

The same year, the government released heavily redacted records about their dismissal, setting off a battle with opposition parties that were demanding more detail about the security breach.

同年，政府公布了大量经涂黑的解雇记录，引发了与反对党的斗争，反对党要求政府提供有关安全漏洞的更多细节。

The large cache of newly released documents, which have significantly fewer redactions, offer more details about the scientists’ unauthorized cooperation and information exchanges with Chinese institutions. The documents also revealed that Dr. Qui had not disclosed formal agreements with Chinese agencies in which a Chinese institution agreed to pay substantial amounts of research money. It also agreed to pay her an annual salary of 210,000 Canadian dollars (about $155,000).

新发布的大量文件中，涂黑的内容明显减少，提供了两位科学家与中国机构未经授权合作和信息交流的更多细节。文件还显示，邱香果没有披露与中国机构签订的正式协议，其中一家中国机构同意支付大量研究经费。该机构还同意向她支付21万加元（约合15.5万美元）的年薪。

The couple could not be located, and they did not appear to have any obvious local representatives. Some Canadian news outlets have reported, based on undisclosed sources, that they moved to China after being dismissed. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police opened a criminal investigation in 2021, but its status is unclear and no charges have been laid.

记者无法联络到这对夫妇，在当地似乎也没有人是他们的代表。一些加拿大新闻媒体根据未披露的消息来源报道，他们在遭解雇后搬到了中国。加拿大皇家骑警于2021年展开了刑事调查，但目前情况尚不清楚，也没有提出任何指控。

The documents released on Wednesday do not include any general response from the couple. But they show that during questioning by investigators, Dr. Qui repeatedly said that she was not aware that she had broken any security rules, blamed the health agency for not fully explaining procedures and frequently tried to mislead investigators until confronted by contradictory evidence.

周三公布的文件没有包括这对夫妇的任何一般性回应。但它们显示，在接受调查人员询问时，邱香果反复表示，她不知道自己违反了任何安全规定，指责加拿大卫生署没有充分解释程序，她还经常试图误导调查人员，直到面对自相矛盾的证据。

In a letter to Dr. Qui, the public health agency said that she “did not express remorse or regret. You failed to accept responsibility for your actions and deflected blame onto P.H.A.C.” It added that she did not show “any signs of corrective behavior, rehabilitation or desire for resolution of the situation.”

卫生署在给邱香果的信中表示，她“没有表示悔恨或遗憾。你没有为自己的行为承担责任，而是把责任推给加拿大公共卫生署。”信中还说，她没有表现出“任何纠正行为、改过自新的迹象，也没有表现出解决问题的意愿”。

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service also found that Dr. Qiu repeatedly misrepresented her ties to researchers and organizations in China, relationships it characterized as “close and clandestine.”

加拿大安全情报局还发现，邱香果多次歪曲她与中国研究人员和组织的关系，并称她与中国的这种关系“密切而隐秘”。

In one secret report, the intelligence agency said that when she was asked about her exchanges with scientists and organizations in China, she “continued to make blanket denials, feign ignorance or tell outright lies.”

在一份秘密报告中，该情报机构称，当被问及她与中国科学家和组织的交流时，她“继续一概否认、假装无知或彻头彻尾地撒谎”。

An internal investigation report for the Public Health Agency of Canada, which includes the lab, shows that the couple fell under suspicion in 2018, when Dr. Qiu was named an inventor on a patent granted in China that appeared to use research developed by the agency for an Ebola vaccine.

加拿大公共卫生署的一份内部调查报告显示，这对夫妇在2018年受到怀疑，当时邱香果被中国授予的一项专利列为发明人，该专利似乎利用了加拿大公共卫生署在埃博拉疫苗方面的研究成果。

That revelation, in turn, suggested that the couple had engaged in several violations of security rules at the laboratory, portions of which are designed for work on the world’s most lethal microbes, including ones that could be used for biological warfare.

这一发现反过来表明，这对夫妇在实验室数次违反了安全规定，其中部分规定是为研究世界上最致命的微生物而设计的，包括可以用于生物战的微生物。

Those breaches included attempts by graduate students of Dr. Qiu at the University of Manitoba, all of whom were Chinese nationals, to remove material from the lab and being allowed to wander through the facility unescorted.

这些违规行为包括邱香果在曼尼托巴大学的研究生的作为，他们都是中国公民，试图从实验室拿走材料，并被允许在没有陪同的情况下在实验室走来走去。

In one episode, X-rays revealed that a parcel delivered to the lab for Dr. Cheng — and labeled “kitchen utensils” — contained vials of mouse proteins. The discovery underscored that Dr. Cheng had broken protocols, according to the documents.

在一起事件中，X光显示，一个送到实验室给成克定的包裹，标签上写着“厨房用具”，其实里面装着小瓶的小鼠蛋白质。文件显示，这一发现表明成克定违反了协议。

An investigation by the intelligence agency found that Dr. Qiu had a formal agreement with Heibei Medical University to work on a “talent program,” something it described as a project “to boost China’s national technological capabilities.”

情报机构的一项调查发现，邱香果与河北医科大学签订了一项正式协议，为一个“人才项目”工作，情报机构称该项目“旨在提高中国的国家科技能力”。

A report documenting the investigation added that it “may pose a serious threat to research institutions, including government research facilities, by incentivizing economic espionage.” That agreement promised about 1.2 million Canadian dollars (roughly $884,000) in research funding. The agency said the couple did not disclose, as required, that they maintained a bank account in China.

一份记录调查情况的报告补充说，该项目“可能通过激励经济间谍活动，对包括政府研究设施在内的研究机构形成严重威胁”。该协议承诺，提供约120万加元（约合88.4万美元）的研究资金。该机构表示，这对夫妇没有按照要求披露他们在中国拥有一个银行账户。

Dr. Qiu, the intelligence service said, also had a résumé she used only in China that showed she was a visiting professor at three Chinese health research institutes and a visiting researcher at a fourth one.

情报机构称，邱香果还有一份只在中国使用过的履历，上面显示她在中国三家健康研究机构担任客座教授，还在一家健康研究机构担任客座研究员。

Exactly what information Dr. Qiu may have provided to China and how China may have used it is not clear either from the internal investigation or the intelligence agency reports.

内部调查或情报机构的报告都没有说明邱香果可能向中国提供了哪些信息，以及中国可能如何利用这些信息。

The intelligence service said that many of the institutions she worked with researched “potentially lethal military applications.” When asked as part of an internal investigation about the potential military uses of her work, Dr. Qiu said that the idea had not occurred to her, the documents show.

情报部门表示，与她合作的许多机构都研究了“潜在的致命军事应用”。文件显示，在一项内部调查中，当被问及她的研究是否可能用于军事用途时，邱香果说，她没有想到过这一点。

The internal investigation found that a trip Dr. Qiu made to Beijing in 2018 was paid for by a Chinese biotechnology company.

内部调查发现，邱香果2018年前往北京的旅行费用是由一家中国生物技术公司支付的。

Mr. Holland said that the lab’s management had demonstrated an “inadequate understanding of the threat of foreign interference.”

霍兰德说，该实验室的管理层表现出“对外国干涉威胁的认识不足”。

He added, “I believe that an earnest effort was made to adhere to those policies, but not with the rigor that was required.”

他还说，“我认为，他们为遵守这些政策做出了认真的努力，但没有达到要求的严格程度。”

In a statement, Pierre Poilievre, the Conservative leader, said that the Chinese government and its agencies, “including the People’s Liberation Army, were allowed to infiltrate Canada’s top-level lab.” The statement added, using the abbreviation for the People’s Republic of China, “They were able to transfer sensitive intellectual property and dangerous pathogens to the P.R.C..

保守党领袖皮埃尔·普瓦列夫尔在声明中表示，中国政府及其机构，“包括人民解放军，能够渗透进加拿大的顶级实验室”。声明还称，“他们能够将敏感的知识产权和危险的病原体转移到中国。”