纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英拜登称中国联入互联网汽车给美国国家安全带来风险

President Biden took steps on Thursday toward blocking Chinese electric vehicles from entry to the American auto market, saying internet-connected cars and trucks from China posed risks to national security because their operating systems could send sensitive information to Beijing.

美国总统拜登周四采取行动，阻止中国电动车进入美国市场。他说，来自中国的接入互联网的汽车和卡车给国家安全带来风险，因为这些车的操作系统能把敏感信息传给中国政府。

The immediate action was the opening of a Commerce Department investigation into security threats, which could lead to new regulations or restrictions on Chinese vehicles.

美国商务部马上采取行动，启动了安全威胁调查，这可能会导致针对中国生产的汽车制定新的法规或限制。

But administration officials made clear it was the first step in what could be a wide range of policy responses meant to stop low-cost Chinese electric vehicles — either manufactured in China or assembled by Chinese companies in countries like Mexico — from flooding the U.S. market and potentially driving domestic automakers out of business.

但政府官员明确表示，这是第一步，之后还会推出各种应对政策，以阻止低成本的中国电动汽车——无论是在中国制造还是由中国公司在墨西哥等国组装——涌入美国市场，这有可能迫使美国国内的汽车制造商倒闭。

China has rapidly scaled up its production of electric vehicles in recent years, setting it on a collision course with Mr. Biden’s industrial policy efforts that seek to help American automakers dominate that market at home and abroad. Some of its smaller cars sell for less than $11,000 each — significantly less than a comparable American-made electric vehicle.

近年来，中国已迅速扩大了电动车生产规模，这与拜登总统寻求帮助美国车企主导国内外电动车市场的产业政策努力可能发生冲突。中国的一些小型电动汽车的售价不到1.1万美元，远低于美国制造的同类电动车价格。

The administration’s actions on Thursday come as Mr. Biden’s likely opponent in November, former President Donald J. Trump, criticizes him for pushing automakers toward electric vehicles — and as each of the candidates tries to cast himself as tougher on China.

政府周四采取行动之际，拜登在今年11月的大选中可能面对的对手、前总统特朗普批评他迫使汽车制造商转向生产电动汽车，而且这两名候选人都试图表现出对中国更强硬的态度。

The measures stemmed from conversations with Detroit automakers, union autoworkers and the E.V. giant Tesla, which was recently supplanted by Chinese company BYD as the world’s biggest seller of electric cars.

这些措施是在与底特律的汽车制造商、汽车工人工会，以及电动汽车巨头特斯拉进行了对话后采取的。中国公司比亚迪最近已取代了特斯拉，成为全球最大的电动车销售商。

“China is determined to dominate the future of the auto market, including by using unfair practices,” Mr. Biden said in a statement accompanying the announcement. “China’s policies could flood our market with its vehicles, posing risks to our national security. I’m not going to let that happen on my watch.”

“中国决心要主导汽车市场的未来，包括使用不公平的做法，”拜登在公告中说。“中国的政策可能会让他们的汽车涌入我们的市场，给我们的国家安全带来风险。我不会让这种事在我的眼皮底下发生。”

Thursday’s action did not immediately impose new barriers on Chinese electric vehicles, which already face high tariffs and have not yet penetrated the growing American market for clean energy cars.

周四的行动并没有立即对中国电动汽车设置新壁垒，它们已经面临高额关税，而且尚未打入日益增长的美国新能源汽车市场。

At Mr. Biden’s direction, the Commerce Department has begun an investigation into the threat from technology embedded in Chinese electric vehicles. That includes Chinese-made versions of common automotive software, which administration officials said could track where Americans drove and charged their vehicles, or even what music or podcasts they listened to on the road.

在拜登的指示下，商务部已开始对嵌入中国电动汽车的技术进行安全威胁调查。调查的内容包括中国制造的常用汽车软件版本，政府官员说，这种软件能跟踪美国人开车和给车辆充电的情况，甚至跟踪他们在路上听的音乐或播客。

Administration officials noted that American auto manufacturers that sold vehicles to customers in China were essentially forced by Chinese officials to use Chinese software in their vehicles.

政府官员指出，向中国客户销售汽车的美国汽车制造商基本上已被中国官员强迫在车辆中使用中国软件。

The announcement was the latest example of Mr. Biden’s moving to ramp up technology restrictions on China, and continued a bipartisan trend toward more antagonistic trade relations between the world’s largest economies. The Commerce Department investigation ordered by Mr. Biden marks the first use of a new authority established under an executive order issued in 2019 by Mr. Trump.

这一宣布是拜登加大力度在技术上对中国进行限制的最新例证，也是一个得到两党支持的趋势的继续，即走向世界两大经济体之间更对抗的贸易关系。拜登下令商务部进行调查是他首次使用一个新职权，该职权是特朗普2019年发布行政命令设立的。

Biden officials said the investigation could result in new American restrictions on vehicles that depended on software from China.

拜登政府的官员表示，调查可能会导致美国对依赖中国软件的车辆进行新的限制。

Administration officials are eyeing other steps to further impede imports of Chinese vehicles, which have already surged through European markets, as a result of low prices driven in part by significantly lower labor costs. That could include increasing a 25 percent tariff on China’s vehicles.

政府官员正在考虑采取进一步阻止中国汽车进口的其他措施，包括可能把对中国汽车征收的关税再提高25%。中国汽车在欧洲市场销量激增，一定程度上是因为价格低廉，那是中国的劳动力成本比欧洲低许多的结果。

“We’ll certainly continue to look at a range of policies to make sure that our carmakers and our autoworkers continue to be the most competitive in the world,” Lael Brainard, who heads the president’s National Economic Council, said in an interview.

“我们肯定会继续研究各种政策，以确保我们的汽车制造商和汽车工人继续是世界上最有竞争力的，”总统国家经济委员会主席莱尔·布雷纳德在接受采访时说。

The Treasury Department has already proposed rules meant to limit China’s ability to supply materials for cars and trucks that qualify for a $7,500 electric vehicle tax credit included in Mr. Biden’s signature climate bill.

拜登签署的气候法案中有为购买电动汽车的人提供最高 7500美元税收抵免的条款，美国财政部已制定了规则，限制了中国供应商为享受税收抵免的美国汽车和卡车提供材料的能力。

The Commerce Department investigation announced on Thursday grew from a series of conversations that administration officials had with automakers last fall, after the settlement of a United Automobile Workers strike during which Mr. Biden stood with the union and joined a picket line. The carmakers told administration officials about the restrictions they faced selling in China, including on software.

商务部周四宣布的调查是去年秋天政府官员与汽车制造商进行一系列对话的结果。美国汽车工人联合会的罢工去年秋天得到了解决，拜登曾在罢工期间与工会站在一起，并加入了纠察线。车企把它们在中国售车时面临的限制，包括软件方面的限制告诉了政府官员。

Biden aides began to grow concerned about what might happen if the United States did not impose similar restrictions on Chinese software, which administration officials say only a handful of cars in America run on today.

拜登的助手们开始越发担心，如果美国不采取类似的措施限制中国软件的话可能会发生什么，尽管政府官员称，目前只有少数美国汽车使用中国软件。

China is “flooding foreign markets with their autos,” Ms. Brainard said. “Many of those vehicles can connect on a continuous basis with our infrastructure potentially, with the drivers’ smartphones, with nearby cars. So they’re collecting a tremendous amount of information.”

中国正在“用汽车冲击外国市场”，布雷纳德说。“这些车中有许多有持续接入我们的基础设施的潜在能力，通过驾驶员的智能手机、通过附近的汽车。所以它们正在收集大量信息。”

In a briefing call with reporters, Gina M. Raimondo, the commerce secretary, said it was “scary to contemplate the cyberrisks, espionage risks, that these pose.”

商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多在与记者举行的吹风会上表示，“考虑一下这些信息带来的网络风险和间谍风险，那是很吓人的。”

Ms. Brainard stressed that Thursday’s action was limited to software concerns. But she added, “It’s also very important for our economic security and our national security to have a strong and vibrant U.S. auto industry, with U.S. autoworkers.”

布雷纳德强调，周四的行动仅限于对软件的担忧。但她补充说，“对我们的经济安全和国家安来说，拥有一个使用美国汽车工人、强大且充满活力的汽车工业，也是很重要的。”