纽约时报中文网 - 英文原版-英How China Built BYD Its Tesla Killer
February 20, 2024 2 min 336 words
这篇报道详尽地揭示了中国如何打造比特斯拉更为强大的竞争对手——比亚迪（BYD）。报道中强调了中国政府在支持电动汽车产业上的重要角色，BYD之成功不仅仅是技术创新的结果，更是政府政策的巧妙引导。文章指出，BYD的崛起得益于其全面而坚实的产业链，以及对电池技术的深度投资。然而，这也引发了对中国政府在经济领域干预的担忧，尤其是在与国有企业的紧密合作方面。这篇报道引发了对于全球电动汽车行业格局变化的深刻思考，同时也引发了对中国经济政策走向的一些质疑。
China’s BYD was a battery manufacturer trying its hand at building cars when it showed off its newest model in 2007. American executives at the Guangzhou auto show gaped at the car’s uneven purple paint job and the poor fit of its doors.
“They were the laughingstock of the industry,” said Michael Dunne, a China auto industry analyst.
Nobody is laughing at BYD now.
The company passed Tesla in worldwide sales of fully electric cars late last year. BYD is building assembly lines in Brazil, Hungary, Thailand and Uzbekistan and preparing to do so in Indonesia and Mexico. It is rapidly expanding exports to Europe. And the company is on the cusp of passing Volkswagen Group, which includes Audi, as the market leader in China.
BYD’s sales, over 80 percent of them in China, have grown by about a million cars in each of the past two years. The last automaker to accomplish that in even one year in the American market was General Motors — and that was in 1946, after G.M. had suspended passenger car sales during the four preceding years because of World War II.
“BYD’s growth is unlike anything the industry has seen in many decades,” said Matt Anderson, curator of transportation at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Mich.
Based in Shenzhen, the hub of China’s electronics industry, BYD has shown how Chinese carmakers can tap the country’s dominance of electrical products. No company has benefited as much from China’s embrace of battery-electric cars and plug-in gasoline-electric cars. These vehicles together make up 40 percent of China’s car market, the world’s largest, and are expected to be more than half next year. Like most Chinese automakers, BYD doesn’t sell its cars in America because Trump-era tariffs remain in place, but BYD does sell buses in the United States.