纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英美国强化法律行动阻止中国等对手获取技术
February 8, 2024 5 min 901 words
随手搬运西方主流媒体的所谓的民主自由的报道，让帝国主义的丑恶嘴脸无处遁形。
The U.S. government announced charges in two separate cases on Wednesday aimed at enforcing laws blocking the transfer of critical technologies, part of a broader campaign to hamper military efforts and weapons production in rival countries.
美国政府周三宣布了两起不同案件的指控，旨在执行切断关键技术转让的法律。美国为阻碍竞争对手国家的军事努力和武器生产而采取了广泛行动，这是其中的一部分。
One of the complaints was against a U.S. citizen born in China who has been arrested and accused of stealing trade secrets from a private company. The technology, according to court documents, “would be dangerous to U.S. national security if obtained by international actors.”
其中一项起诉针对的是一名在中国出生的美国公民，他因从一家私营公司窃取商业机密的指控而被捕。根据法庭文件，该机密技术“如果被国际行为体获得，将危及美国国家安全”。
A Justice Department complaint filed in U.S. District Court in California said the stolen material would help the development of technology that allows space-based systems to track ballistic and hypersonic missiles. U.S. officials said technology related to hypersonic missiles and missile tracking was among the Chinese military’s top priorities.
In the other complaint, the U.S. government accused two Iranian men of trying to illegally procure American goods and technology for Iran’s aerospace industry. The technology, according to court documents, involved firefighting equipment and flame detectors.
The charges are the latest in a series of legal actions aimed at cutting off Iran, Russia and China from American technology. A year ago, the Justice and Commerce Departments formed the Disruptive Technology Strike Force to enforce export control laws and disrupt production of weaponry in Iran meant for Russia and Iranian proxy groups. It was also intended to stall China’s efforts to develop advanced military technology.
这些指控是一系列旨在切断伊朗、俄罗斯和中国获取美国技术的法律行动的最新案例。一年前，美国司法部和商务部成立了“颠覆性技术打击力量小组”，以执行出口管制法，破坏伊朗为俄罗斯和伊朗代理组织进行的武器装备生产。这也是为了阻止中国发展先进军事技术。
Officials from the strike force are meeting with Ukrainian representatives this week in Phoenix to discuss efforts to stop the flow of American technology and U.S.-designed components to Russia, Iran and China.
打击力量小组的官员本周将在凤凰城与乌克兰代表会面，讨论如何切断美国技术和美国设计的部件流向俄罗斯、伊朗和中国。
“Our mission is to keep our country’s most sensitive technology out of the world’s most dangerous hands,” said Matthew S. Axelrod, the Commerce Department’s assistant secretary for export enforcement. “Nation-state actors are attempting to acquire advanced U.S. technology so they can modernize their militaries to such a degree that they leapfrog ours and change the balance of power in the world. Those are the stakes.”
“我们的任务是不让我们国家最敏感的技术落入世界上最危险的人手中，”商务部负责出口执法的助理部长马修·阿克塞尔罗德说。“民族国家行为者正试图获取美国的先进技术，以便使他们的军队现代化，从而超越我们的军队，改变世界的力量平衡。这就是利害关系所在。”
American export controls aimed at Beijing have tried to block its government and Chinese companies from acquiring advanced chips that can be used to develop new military capabilities. Iran, however, is trying to acquire less sophisticated technology and chips, whose export to many other countries is not blocked.
美国针对北京的出口管制试图阻止中国政府和中国公司获取可用于发展新军事能力的先进芯片。然而，伊朗正试图获取不那么尖端的技术和芯片，而这些技术和芯片对许多其他国家的出口并没有受到阻止。
Iran uses those chips to build drones that it supplies to Russia for its war in Ukraine and to Hamas and Houthi rebels, who have used them to attack ships in the Red Sea.
伊朗利用这些芯片制造无人机，提供给俄罗斯用于乌克兰战争，也提供给哈马斯和胡塞叛军，后者曾用这些无人机袭击红海的商船。
“Iran’s malign activity is both destabilizing in the region and supports other malign actors like Russia,” said Matthew G. Olsen, the assistant attorney general for the national security division of the Justice Department.
司法部负责国家安全事务的助理司法部长马修·奥尔森说：“伊朗的恶意活动既破坏了该地区的稳定，又支持了俄罗斯等其他恶意行为体。”
When Mr. Olsen traveled to Kyiv in November, Ukrainian officials presented him with evidence of American technology being used in the Iranian-produced drones that had attacked Ukraine. He said the visit had expanded intelligence sharing between the countries to bolster the American legal investigations.
在奥尔森11月访问基辅时，乌克兰官员向他出示了攻击乌克兰的伊朗产无人机使用美国技术的证据。他说，这次访问扩大了两国之间的情报共享，以支持美国的法律调查。
American officials said it was hard to judge the direct effect of the export controls. Russian production of missiles, for example, was initially slowed by export restrictions. But as Moscow refocused its economy on wartime manufacturing, its missile-production level returned to, then exceeded, prewar capacity.
美国官员表示，很难判断出口管制的直接效果。例如，俄罗斯的导弹生产最初因出口限制而放缓。但随着莫斯科重新将经济重点放在战时生产上，其导弹生产已恢复甚至超过了战前的能力。
Iran’s drone production has fluctuated, potentially because of U.S. pressure on its supply chain. And American officials say they are at the least making it far more expensive and difficult for Iran to supply both its proxy forces and Russia.
伊朗的无人机产量时高时低，可能是因为美国对其供应链施加了压力。美国官员称，这些措施至少使伊朗为其代理部队和俄罗斯供应无人机的成本和难度都大大增加。
“When we’re enforcing sanctions and export control laws, we want to impose costs on the bad actors, including Russian and Iranian actors,” Mr. Olsen said. “We want to charge them, out them publicly and, if possible, arrest them.”
“当我们执行制裁和出口管制法律时，我们希望让包括俄罗斯和伊朗在内的不良行为者付出代价，”奥尔森说。“我们要指控他们，公开揭发他们，如果可能的话，逮捕他们。”
The enforcement actions also have ripple effects, Mr. Olsen said. Bigger companies see how Iran, Russia or China are trying to evade rules and adopt stronger compliance efforts to make sure they are not used in any effort to smuggle the chips.
奥尔森说，执法行动也会产生连锁反应。大公司看到伊朗、俄罗斯或中国是如何试图规避规则的，就会采取更有力的合规措施，以确保它们不会被利用来走私芯片。
“Companies take notice when there’s criminal enforcement and implement stronger compliance regimes,” he said.
他说：“企业会注意到刑事执法，并实施更严格的合规制度。”
In the China case unveiled on Wednesday, a 57-year-old man, Chenguang Gong, was charged with theft of trade secrets. Prosecutors accused Mr. Gong of stealing files last year from a technology company that was not identified. The government complaint does not say if the technology — to identify missile launches and track hard-to-detect objects from space — was sent to China.
在本周三公布的这起涉及中国的案件中，57岁的男子龚晨光（音）被控窃取商业机密罪。检察官指控他在去年从一家科技公司窃取文件，但没有透露这家公司的名称。政府的起诉书没有说明该技术——用于识别导弹发射和追踪太空中难以探测的物体——是否被送到了中国。
But Mr. Gong did not have the software to view the files he had taken from the company, prosecutors wrote in their complaint. Some of the documents were labeled proprietary, and others were labeled export controlled.
但检察官在起诉书中写道，龚晨光没有软件查看他从公司拿走的文件。其中一些文件被标注为专有文件，另一些则被标注为出口管制文件。
Mr. Gong, who had worked for defense contractors and had expertise in developing computer circuits, had previously sought funding from the Chinese government, contacting officials through its various “talent programs.” Beijing uses the programs to identify people who can help develop its economy and military capabilities.
龚晨光曾为国防承包商工作，拥有开发计算机电路的专业知识，他此前曾寻求中国政府的资助，并通过各种人才计划与中国政府官员取得了联系。中国政府利用这些项目来发掘有助于发展经济和军事能力的人才。
The Iran case was not directly related to the country’s drone production but was tied to its aerospace industry.
涉及伊朗的案件与该国的无人机生产没有直接关系，但与该国的航空航天业有关。
Abolfazi Bazzazi, 79, and his son, Mohammad Resa Bazzazi, 43, were accused of creating an intricate scheme to avoid export laws to send aerospace equipment to Iran, shipping the technology to Europe to hide its final destination.
79岁的阿博尔法齐·巴扎齐和他43岁的儿子穆罕默德·雷萨·巴扎齐被指控制定了一项复杂的计划，以规避出口法律，将航空航天设备运往伊朗，并将技术运往欧洲以隐藏其最终目的地。