纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英一艘搁浅在仁爱礁的菲律宾废弃军舰为何会惹怒中国

For more than two decades, it has been an unlikely flashpoint in the South China Sea: a rusty, World War II-era ship beached on a tiny reef that has become a symbol of Philippine resistance against Beijing.

二十多年来，很少有人会想到它将成为南海的矛盾引爆点：一艘搁浅在小型环礁上锈迹斑斑的“二战”军舰，就这样变成了菲律宾对抗中国的象征。

The Philippine government ran the vessel aground in 1999 on the Second Thomas Shoal, a contested reef 120 miles off the coast of the western province of Palawan.

菲律宾政府于1999年在仁爱礁搁浅了这艘军舰，这处争议珊瑚礁距离菲律宾西部巴拉望省的海岸约193公里。

The dilapidated warship, known as the Sierra Madre, will never sail again. But it has remained there ever since, a marker of the Philippines’ claim to the shoal and an effort to prevent China from seizing more of the disputed waters.

这艘名为“马德雷山”号的废弃军舰永远不会再出航。但它一直留在那里，象征着菲律宾对仁爱礁的主权主张，及其阻止中国占领更多争议海域的努力。

On Friday, a reporter for The New York Times was among a group given rare access to a Philippine resupply mission, first boarding a Coast Guard ship — the BRP Cabra — and then an inflatable dinghy to get within 1,000 yards of the Sierra Madre.

上周五，《纽约时报》一名记者所在的记者团获得了参与菲方补给任务的罕见机会，他们先登上菲律宾海岸巡逻队的卡布拉号巡逻艇，然后再乘坐小型充气艇来到了距离马德雷山号约900米以内的范围。

The Philippines has portrayed its struggle against China as one of David and Goliath. After multiple clashes in recent years, the Philippine Coast Guard has started inviting journalists on its missions to resupply the handful of people remaining on the Sierra Madre. It is part of a public relations strategy to show the world how Beijing is asserting its might in the South China Sea.

菲律宾将其与中国的对抗描述为“大卫与歌利亚”的对决。在近年发生多次冲突后，菲律宾海巡署开始邀请记者参与为马德雷山号上的寥寥几人提供补给的任务。这是菲律宾向世界展示北京如何在南海宣示力量的公关战略的一部分。

This mission was the closest that any civilian has gotten to the ship in over a year, since China intensified its blockade of the shoal.

自中国加强对仁爱礁的封锁以来，这是一年多时间里让平民距离该军舰最近的一次任务。

Around midnight, the Cabra was 16 nautical miles from the Sierra Madre when four Chinese ships began shadowing it.

午夜时分，卡布拉号来到距马德雷山号约30公里处，四艘中国船只开始进行跟踪。

When the sun rose around 6 a.m., the cat-and-mouse game immediately began. The Chinese ships boxed in the Cabra, forcing the vessel to maneuver its way out. This occurred at least two more times.

到早上6点日出时，一场猫鼠游戏正式开始。中国船只包围了卡布拉号，使其难以脱身。这种情况至少还发生了两次。

The ships repeatedly challenged each other over the radio. At one point, at least 15 Chinese vessels had gathered — triple the number of Philippine ships.

双方船只都不断用无线电互相挑衅。聚集在附近的中国船只一度达到15艘，是菲律宾船只数量的三倍。

“You are a state party to UNCLOS,” a Filipino officer on the Cabra told a Chinese ship over the radio, referring to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the international agreement governing marine and maritime activities. “Your actions are illegal. Stop your activity, or face the consequence of your action.”

“作为《联合国海洋法公约》的签署国，”卡布拉号上的一名菲律宾官员通过无线电朝一艘中国船只喊话。《联合国海洋法公约》是一项管理海洋和海事活动的国际协定。“你们的行为已经属于违法。停止你们的活动，否则就要面对你们行为的后果。”

“Stop the operation and leave the sea area immediately,” the Chinese radioed in response.

“立即停止行动并离开本海域，”中方在无线电中回复道。

The Cabra’s captain, Emmanuel Dangate, was on his eighth resupply mission. He had been instructed that day to get within three nautical miles of the shoal.

丹格特数次命令船员全速前进。船员照做了，并向他大声报出卡布拉号和附近中国船只的实时航速。

A few times, Captain Dangate ordered his crew to move the ship full speed ahead. They did so, shouting out to him the updated speeds of the Cabra and of the Chinese ships nearby.

这是卡布拉号船长伊曼纽尔·丹格特第八次执行补给任务。他当天接到指示，要驶入距离仁爱礁不到5.6公里的范围。

A Chinese Coast Guard vessel crossed the Cabra’s bow at least twice. When the vessel was only yards away, the radar system turned red, warning of collision danger.

一艘中国海警船只至少两次从卡布拉号的船头掠过。在距离卡布拉号仅有几米远的时候，雷达系统变成红色，发出了碰撞危险警告。

After about two hours, the Cabra finally inched closer to the mouth of the shoal, still surrounded by Chinese ships. Captain Dangate said it was the closest he had ever been to the military outpost. Throughout the journey, a U.S. Navy Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft hovered overhead.

大约两小时后，卡布拉号终于慢慢靠近仁爱礁滩口，但仍被中国船只包围。丹格特表示，这是他距离该军事前哨最近的一次。在整个航行过程中，美国海军的一架波塞冬海上巡逻机一直在上空盘旋。

Later in the day, the Philippines lodged a protest with China for what it described as “unprovoked acts of coercion.” A spokesman for China’s foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, said the Philippine ships had “trespassed” into the waters, “violating China’s sovereignty.” He added that Beijing had protested the moves and that the Chinese Coast Guard had taken “necessary law enforcement measures.”

当天晚些时候，菲律宾就其所谓的“无端胁迫行为”向中国提出抗议。中国外交部发言人汪文斌表示，菲律宾船只“擅自闯入”海域，“严重侵犯中方主权”。他还表示，中方已经提出严正交涉，中国海警也对菲方船只“采取了必要执法措施”。

The episode was part of a broader pattern that has been playing out in the South China Sea for years. China has repeatedly harassed the Philippines’ vessels as they sought to resupply the navy troops who guard the Sierra Madre. Each mission runs the risk of escalating into a broader conflict.

多年来，此类事件在南海已成为更广泛的常态。当菲方船只寻求对驻守马德雷山号的海军人员提供补给，中方就会进行反复骚扰。每次补给任务都有将冲突升级的风险。

Since the start of the year, the Chinese Coast Guard has deployed a water cannon, shined a military-grade laser and collided with Philippine vessels. The United States has condemned the actions and vowed to aid the Philippines, its oldest treaty ally in the Indo-Pacific, in the event of an armed attack.

今年以来，中国海警动用了水炮，发射了军用激光，并与菲律宾船只发了碰撞。美国谴责了这些行为，并承诺将在菲方遭遇武装袭击时提供支援。菲律宾是印太地区与美国结约最久的盟友。

China says Manila previously agreed to tow away the Sierra Madre, a claim that President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines disputes. The Philippines maintains that it is well within its right to repair the ship, a commissioned navy vessel in its own territory.

中方称菲方此前已同意拖走马德雷山号，但菲律宾总统小费迪南德·马科斯否认了这一说法。菲方坚称其完全有权修理这艘在其领土上服役的海军舰艇。

In 2016, an international tribunal ruled that the Second Thomas Shoal — called Ayungin Shoal in the Philippines — is less than 200 nautical miles from Palawan and therefore part of the country’s exclusive economic zone. China, which claims 90 percent of the South China Sea, has rejected the ruling.

2016年，一个国际法庭裁定仁爱礁——在菲律宾被称为阿云津礁——距离巴拉望省不到370公里，因此属于菲律宾专属经济区的一部分。对南海90%的海域宣示了主权主张的中国拒绝承认仲裁结果。

“It’s like a game of basketball,” said Rommel Jude G. Ong, a professor at the Ateneo School of Government in Manila and a retired rear admiral in the Philippine Navy. “You put up your guard so that they won’t be able to move forward. So that’s our guard post there, to check the advance.”

“这就像一场篮球比赛，”菲律宾退役海军少将、马尼拉雅典耀大学教授隆美尔·裘德·王表示。“你要加强防守，这样对方才没有办法继续前进。因此，那就是我们的防御哨点，用来探查对方的进展。”

But decades of leaving the Sierra Madre exposed to the elements has worn down the ship. In 2018, the Philippine government commissioned a study to examine its viability and concluded that it had only two years left intact, according to Mr. Ong.

但历经数十年的自然风化，马德雷山号已经破败不堪。王说，菲律宾政府在2018年委托了一项研究来确定该军舰还能维持多久，结论是它的原貌仅能再保持两年时间。

“Our projection was wrong, it’s still standing,” he said. “But you cannot fight physics, and you cannot fight Mother Nature. At some point, it is going to be decrepit enough that it is not able to sustain itself.”

“我们的预测是错误的，它还伫立在那里，”他说。“但它没法对抗物理，也没法对抗自然的力量。总有一天它会破败成一片废墟。”

Huge holes were visible at the bottom of the Sierra Madre; tires were used as weights against the wind. Boards and aluminum sheets served as makeshift doors and windows. On Friday morning, some crew members were bathing outside on the deck, scooping water kept in blue drum containers.

马德雷山号底部可见巨大的窟窿；为挡风用上了轮胎作为填充物。临时门窗用木板和铝板制成。上周五早上，甲板上有船员从蓝色大桶里舀水洗澡。

Philippine officials fear that when the ship falls apart, China will swoop in to claim the shoal, a submerged reef that is rich with fish and serves as a gateway to an area believed to contain vast reserves of oil and natural gas. That could also mean a potential Chinese advance on Palawan, the site of a new military base where the United States recently gained access.

菲律宾官员担忧中国会在这艘船解体之时迅速占领仁爱礁，这块暗礁下鱼类资源丰富，还是通往据信蕴藏着大量石油和天然气的地区的门户。那也将意味着中国可能向巴拉望省推进，美国最近才获准进入当地的一处新军事基地。

Gen. Romeo J. Brawner, the armed forces chief of the Philippines, has proposed conducting joint patrols to the Second Thomas Shoal with other countries, a move that could further inflame tensions. He said in August that the government was mulling refurbishment of the Sierra Madre, though he did not provide specifics.

菲律宾武装部队总参谋长罗密欧·布劳纳将军提议与其他国家联合在仁爱礁巡逻，此举可能进一步加剧紧张局势。他在8月表示，政府正在考虑翻新马德雷山号，但没有提供具体细节。

Manila has few good options. Building an entirely new military outpost could take months and would require transporting large amounts of construction materials that could be prevented by a Chinese blockade. The government even considered building a structure inside the Sierra Madre, said Mr. Ong, who likened it to the outer shell of an egg breaking up “with a chick inside.”

马尼拉已拿不出多少上策。建造全新的军事前哨可能需要数月时间，还得运送大量建筑材料，而中国的封锁可能会阻碍这一计划。隆美尔·裘德·王表示，政府甚至曾考虑在马德雷山号船体内进行修建，就像破壳的鸡蛋“里面还有一只小鸡”。

Ethel Olid, a municipal councilor from the town of Quezon, filed a resolution to urge all the towns in Palawan to give roughly $10,000 each for the rehabilitation of the Sierra Madre. That measure was approved in August.

奎松市市议员埃塞尔·奥利德提出一项决议，号召巴拉望省所有城镇为马德雷山号的修复工作捐赠约1万美元。这项决议已于8月获得通过。

“It’s a sad state for one of the remaining military outposts in the West Philippine Sea,” Mr. Olid said. “If we let it go or we let it collapse, we will lose Ayungin Shoal and our layer of defense.”

“作为西菲律宾海仅存的军事前哨之一，这里的状况令人伤心，”奥利德说。“如果我们放任不管，任其坍塌，那我们就将失去阿云津礁，也失去一道防线。”

On Friday morning, as the Philippine supply boats approached the shoal, the Chinese boats gave up the chase. The Philippine military was able to board the Sierra Madre with food and fuel.

上周五早上，当菲律宾补给船只接近仁爱礁之时，中国船只不再尾随。菲律宾军人带着食物和燃料登上了马德雷山号。

A tall concrete structure loomed at one end of the ship, with rooms that appeared to be unfinished. Atop of it was a steel post connected with wires, cameras and a satellite dish. On the far side, the Philippine flag billowed in the wind.

在船的一端隐约可见一座高大的混凝土建筑，内部的房间似乎尚未完工。建筑顶部有一根钢柱，连接着电线、摄像头和卫星天线。而在远端，菲律宾的国旗在风中飘扬。