纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英发展中国家指西方在俄乌和加沙问题上双重标准

For 20 months, the Biden administration has attempted to stake out the moral high ground against Russia, condemning its brutal war on Ukraine for indiscriminately killing civilians.

20个月来，拜登政府一直试图占据反对俄罗斯的道德制高点，谴责俄罗斯在乌克兰的残酷战争中不加选择地杀死平民。

The argument resonated in much of the West, but less so in other parts of the world, which viewed the war as more of a great-power conflict and declined to participate in sanctions or otherwise isolate Russia.

虽然这个说法在西方大部分地区产生了共鸣，但在世界其他地区的反应却并没有那么强烈，他们认为俄乌战争更多是一场大国冲突，并拒绝参与制裁或其他孤立俄罗斯的做法。

Now, as Israel bombards the Gaza Strip, killing more than 4,300 people since Oct. 7, the Biden administration’s unwavering support risks creating new headwinds in its efforts to win over global public opinion.

现在，随着以色列自10月7日以来一直在轰炸加沙地带，已造成4300多人死亡，拜登政府坚定不移地支持以色列的做法有给其赢得全球舆论的努力制造新阻力的风险。

Speaking from the Oval Office on Thursday, President Biden tied American support for Ukraine and Israel together, describing both nations as democracies fighting enemies determined to “completely annihilate” them. Russia invaded and seeks to annex Ukraine, while Hamas, the group that controls Gaza and denies Israel’s right to exist, staged a terrorist attack that killed at least 1,400 people in southern Israel.

上周四在椭圆形办公室发表讲话时，拜登总统将美国对乌克兰和以色列的支持联系起来，把这两个国家描述为正在与决心“彻底消灭”它们的敌人作战的民主国家。俄罗斯入侵并试图吞并乌克兰。控制加沙、拒绝承认以色列生存权的哈马斯组织在以色列南部发动了恐怖袭击，造成至少1400人死亡。

But Israel’s counterattack on Gaza, its threats to mount a ground invasion and America’s tight embrace of its most important Mideast ally, regardless, have prompted cries of hypocrisy.

但以色列对加沙发起反击，威胁发动地面入侵，以及美国对其最重要的中东盟友的坚定支持已引发人们直指其虚伪。

Such accusations are not exactly new in the Middle East conflict. But the dynamics of the dual crises have gone beyond Washington’s desire to rally global support to isolate and punish Russia for invading its neighbor.

这种指责在中东冲突中并不新鲜。但这两场危机呈现出的态势已经超出了华盛顿为孤立和惩罚俄罗斯入侵邻国争取全球支持的愿望。

Increasingly, the Middle East region is emerging as a renewed front in the struggle for influence in the Global South — the collective name for the developing nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America — pitting the West against Russia and China.

中东地区正在越来越多地成为争夺“全球南方”（亚非拉发展中国家的统称）影响力的新阵线，西方正在与俄罗斯和中国在这方面展开竞争。

“The war in the Middle East will drive a growing wedge between the West and countries like Brazil or Indonesia, key swing states of the Global South,” said Clifford Kupchan, chairman of the Eurasia Group, a New York-based risk assessment organization. “That will make international cooperation on Ukraine, like sanctions enforcement on Russia, even harder.”

“中东战争将加剧西方国家与巴西或印度尼西亚等全球南方的关键摇摆国家之间的隔阂，”总部位于纽约的风险评估组织欧亚集团主席克利福德·库普坎说。“这将使在乌克兰问题上的国际合作变得更加困难，比如针对俄罗斯的制裁。”

President Joko Widodo of Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim nation, which does not recognize Israel, has condemned the “ongoing injustices against the Palestinian people.” The Gaza war will only worsen the global situation, he said, threatening higher oil prices after the Ukraine war already slowed wheat exports.

印度尼西亚是世界上人口最多的穆斯林国家，总统佐科谴责“针对巴勒斯坦人民的持续不公”。印尼与以色列无正式外交关系。他说，加沙战争只会使全球局势恶化，在俄乌战争已经减慢了小麦出口后，石油价格可能也会上涨。

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil has criticized U.S. weapons supplies to Ukraine as “encouraging” the war but blamed both sides for the conflict and offered to mediate. Brazil, as president of the United Nations Security Council this month, drafted a Gaza humanitarian cease-fire resolution, which also explicitly condemned “heinous terrorist attacks by Hamas.”

巴西总统卢拉批评美国向乌克兰提供武器是“鼓励”战争，巴西将巴以冲突归咎于双方，并表示愿意进行调解。本月担任联合国安理会轮值主席国的巴西起草了一份加沙人道主义停火决议，其中也明确谴责了“哈马斯令人发指的恐怖袭击”。

After the United States vetoed the resolution because it did not mention Israel’s right to self-defense, Brazil’s ambassador to the United Nations, Sérgio França Danese, expressed frustration. “Hundreds of thousands of civilians in Gaza cannot wait any longer,” he said. “Actually, they have waited far too long.”

美国因决议中没有提以色列的自卫权否决了该决议后，巴西驻联合国大使塞尔吉奥·达内塞表达了失望之情。“加沙的数十万平民不能再等了，”他说。“其实，他们已经等了太长时间了。”

Arab leaders — including President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt, King Abdullah II of Jordan and the Saudi foreign minister, Prince Faisal bin Farhan al-Saud — all lashed out in speeches on Saturday at the Cairo peace summit at what they called double standards.

包括埃及总统塞西、约旦国王阿卜杜拉二世以及沙特外交大臣费萨尔在内，阿拉伯领导人在上周六的开罗和平峰会上发表讲话时，猛烈抨击了他们所谓的双重标准。

“Anywhere else, attacking civilian infrastructure and deliberately starving an entire population of food, water, basic necessities would be condemned, accountability would be enforced,” said King Abdullah. “International law loses all value if it is implemented selectively.”

“在其他任何地方，袭击民用基础设施、蓄意让全体人民挨饿、没水喝、缺少基本的生活必需品，都会受到谴责，也会被追究责任，”阿卜杜拉国王说。“如果对这种做法进行选择性的谴责，国际法就失去了所有价值。”

Palestinians have criticized Western capitals for not expressing outrage over the bombing of Gaza similar to their labeling of Russian missile attacks against Ukrainian cities and infrastructure as “barbaric” and “crimes against humanity.”

巴勒斯坦人批评西方政府没有对轰炸加沙表示愤怒，不像在俄罗斯对乌克兰城市和基础设施进行导弹袭击后所做的那样，将俄罗斯的行为称为“野蛮”和“反人类罪”。

When the war in Ukraine first broke out, Palestinians were elated by the tough stance taken by Western capitals against one country occupying another’s land, said Nour Odeh, a Ramallah-based Palestinian political commentator. “But it seems that occupation is only bad if the guys who are not on your side are doing it.”

俄乌战争爆发之初，巴勒斯坦人曾对西方国家在一个国家占领另一个的土地这个问题上采取强硬立场感到高兴，住在拉马拉的巴勒斯坦政治评论员努尔·奥德说。“但看来只是当占领者不属于你的阵营时，占领才是坏事。”

In some ways the Gaza conflict has been a boon to the Kremlin, knocking the spotlight off the Ukraine war and burnishing Russia’s image in the Middle East and Global South. In recent years, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia has sought to restore some of the Soviet Union’s lost influence in the Middle East, intervening militarily in civil wars in Syria and Libya. He has greatly strengthened ties with Iran, a country which Israel considers a national security threat.

从某些方面来看，加沙冲突对克里姆林宫来说是件好事，它让人们不再关注俄乌战争，并提升了俄罗斯在中东和全球南方的形象。近年来，俄罗斯总统普京一直寻求恢复部分苏联曾对中东地区拥有但后来失去了的影响力，他对叙利亚和利比亚的内战进行了军事干预。他一直在大力加强与伊朗的关系，以色列认为伊朗对其国家安全构成威胁。

Russian support for Hamas has been seen as an extension of those efforts, with Mr. Putin comparing the siege of Gaza to the World War II siege of Leningrad, a sacred Russian symbol.

俄罗斯支持哈马斯被视为是这些努力的延伸，普京将围困加沙与第二次世界大战期间围困列宁格勒做比较，列宁格勒保卫战在俄罗斯具有神圣意义。

China has also been seeking to expand its influence in the Middle East, having recently mediated a deal between Iran and Saudi Arabia to restore relations. Russia and China have refused to condemn Hamas. They have instead criticized Israeli treatment of Palestinians, especially its decision to cut off water and electricity to Gaza and the civilian death toll there. They have called for international mediation and a cease-fire before Israel considers that its war has fully begun.

中国也一直在寻求扩大自己在中东的影响力，并在最近促成了伊朗与沙特阿拉伯恢复外交关系的协议。俄中都拒绝谴责哈马斯。相反，它们批评以色列对待巴勒斯坦人的做法，尤其是切断向加沙供水供电的决定，以及加沙的平民死亡人数。它们呼吁国际社会进行调解，并在以色列认为尚未全面开战之前呼吁停火。

The Palestinian cause has long thrived in the Global South, so the Gaza war has only added to resentments in Africa, Asia and Latin America that the West is treating Ukraine as a special case because it is a European war. They denounce the money spent on arming Ukraine while international development goals are ignored.

巴勒斯坦人的诉求长期在全球南方得到了强烈支持，因此加沙战争只会加剧非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲对西方国家的不满，他们认为西方将俄乌战争视为特例，因为那是一场欧洲战争。他们谴责西方国家花大钱武装乌克兰，却忽视国际发展目标。

There is a perception that the West “cares more about Ukrainian refugees, about Ukrainian civilians suffering, than we do when they are suffering in Yemen, in Gaza, in Sudan, in Syria,” said Hanna Notte, a Berlin-based Eurasia analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

有一种看法认为，西方“更关心乌克兰难民、乌克兰平民的苦难，而不关心也门、加沙、苏丹、叙利亚遭受的苦难”，战略与国际研究中心驻柏林的欧亚大陆分析师汉娜·诺特说。

That helps illustrate why the West has failed to woo countries like India and Turkey into supporting sanctions against Russia. Given the situation in Gaza, that effort is unlikely to succeed any time soon.

这有助于说明为什么西方未能说服印度和土耳其等国家支持制裁俄罗斯。考虑到加沙的局势，西方在这方面的努力不太可能很快取得成功。

“It is a huge headache for Western diplomats because they have spent a lot of time this year trying to charm the Global South,” said Richard Gowan, the U.N. director for the International Crisis Group. “We have seen support and interest in Ukraine fading among U.N. members over the course of this year.”

“这让西方外交官们非常头疼，因为他们今年在试图吸引全球南方上花了很多时间，”国际危机组织驻联合国主任理查德·高恩说。“今年以来，我们已看到联合国成员国对乌克兰的支持和兴趣逐渐减弱。”

In Europe, the discussion has played out largely on social media, where some commentators have lambasted Europe for hypocrisy for its different approaches to the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, while few politicians have commented directly.

欧洲的有关讨论主要在社交媒体上展开，一些评论人士痛斥欧洲对乌克兰和加沙的战争采取不同做法是虚伪的，但很少有政治人士直接发表评论。

Carl Bildt, the former Swedish prime minister, wrote on X, formerly Twitter, that most of the world perceives a double standard in Western policy on the two wars. “Rightly or wrongly, this is something we must deal with,” he wrote.

瑞典前首相卡尔·比尔特在（前身是Twitter的）X上写道，世界上大多数人觉得西方在这两场战争上的政策是双重标准。“无论这个看法是对是错，它是我们必须处理的问题，”他写道。

There are signs of that happening now. Josep Borrell Fontelles, the European Union’s top diplomat, said in a speech to the European Parliament on Wednesday that cutting off water supplies was a violation of international law no matter where it happened. “It is clearly stated that depriving a human community under siege of a basic water supply is contrary to international law — in Ukraine and in Gaza,” he said.

目前有迹象表明这正在发生。欧盟最高外交官博雷利上周三在欧洲议会发表讲话时表示，切断供水无论发生在哪里都违反国际法。“明确写着，剥夺被围困社区人民的基本供水违反国际法，在乌克兰这样做违法，在加沙也违法，”他说。

Some analysts suggested that hostility toward Western policy in Ukraine in certain corners of the world should be taken as a given but that it could still be dealt with tactfully.

一些分析人士暗示，虽然世界某些角落对西方在乌克兰的政策有敌意应被视为理所当然，但仍可更妥善地处理这个问题。

During the Cold War, the United States often faced a hostile bloc of nonaligned nations, as well as the Soviet Union and its allies, and still managed to prevail, said John Herbst, a former U.S. envoy to Ukraine as well as a diplomat in Israel and the occupied territories, currently with the Atlantic Council.

冷战期间，美国曾经常面对不结盟国家的对抗情绪，以及苏联及其盟国的敌意，但仍挫败了对手，约翰·赫布斯特说，他曾任美国驻乌克兰大使，也曾任驻以色列和被占领土的外交官，目前在大西洋理事会工作。

The Gaza conflict may make winning support for Ukraine “marginally more difficult,” he said, but by no means impossible.

加沙冲突可能会使赢得更多国家支持乌克兰“稍微困难一些”，他说，但绝非不可能。

Israel’s goal of uprooting Hamas is probably too ambitious, he said, but it can greatly weaken Hamas’s military capability. The United States will take a hit in global public opinion for its support of Israel in the short term, but that will probably fade over time, he predicted, and should not dissuade Washington from continuing to make its case on Ukraine.

以色列铲除哈马斯的目标可能过于雄心勃勃，他说，但那可能会大大削弱哈马斯的军事能力。他预测，美国将因支持以色列而受到全球舆论的短期打击，但随着时间的推移，这种影响可能将消失，而且这不应该阻止华盛顿继续在乌克兰问题上表明立场。

“We should explain that what Moscow is doing in Ukraine is dangerous for all nations because if the type of international order that the Kremlin is pursuing, and that Beijing is pursuing, becomes the international order, that means that all small, comparatively weak states would be at the mercy of their larger neighbors,” Mr. Herbst said.

“我们应该解释清楚，俄罗斯对乌克兰干的事情对所有国家都危险，因为如果克里姆林宫正在追求的那种国际秩序，也就是北京正在追求的那种成为国际秩序的话，这意味着所有弱小国家只能任由更大邻国的摆布，”赫布斯特说。