纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英五角大楼中国加快核武库扩张军方高风险行动增多

China’s military has been taking increasingly dangerous actions to deter U.S. forces in the Asia-Pacific region, including maneuvers to intimidate American aircraft, while also bolstering its nuclear capabilities, the Pentagon said in a report released on Thursday.

五角大楼在周四发布的报告中表示，中国军方一直在采取越来越危险行动以威慑美国在亚太地区的军队，包括恐吓美国飞机的飞行动作，同时也在加强其核能力。

The United States has recorded more “coercive and risky” air intercepts by the Chinese military in the past two years than in the previous decade, the Defense Department said in its annual report to Congress on China’s military might.

美国国防部在向国会提交的关于中国军事实力的年度报告中表示，过去两年里，美国录得中国军队的“强制性和高风险”空中拦截比过去十年都要多。

At the same time, China is continuing to build up its strategic nuclear arsenal and had most likely amassed 500 nuclear warheads as of May, the Pentagon said, an increase of about 100 over last year’s estimate.

与此同时，中国正在继续建设其战略核武库，五角大楼表示，截至今年5月，中国极有可能已经积累了500枚核弹头，比去年的估计增加了约100枚。

Risky Maneuvers

危险动作

Since the fall of 2021, the Pentagon report says, the United States has recorded more than 180 intercepts of U.S. aircraft by Chinese military forces in the region.

五角大楼报告称，自2021年秋季以来，美国录得中国军队在该地区拦截美国飞机180多次。

Beijing has long bristled at the U.S. military aircraft and ships that operate in international skies and seas near China.

长期以来，北京一直对美国军机和军舰在中国附近的国际空域和海域活动感到愤怒。

China has been increasingly assertive in the region, from building military infrastructure in the disputed South China Sea to buzzing planes flown by the United States, Canada and other Western allies. Such moves risk a midair crash and a wider crisis.

从在有争议的南海建设军事基础设施，到干扰美国、加拿大和其他西方盟国的飞机，中国在该地区的立场越来越强硬。这样的举动可能会导致空中坠机，引发更大的危机。

Examples cited in the report and a separate press statement from the Pentagon earlier this week included a Chinese fighter jet that sped toward a U.S. military plane, dipped under its nose and later came as close as 10 feet underneath it; a Chinese plane that flew within 20 feet of the nose of a U.S. plane, which took evasive maneuvers to avoid a collision; and a Chinese fighter jet that fired eight flares while only 900 feet from a U.S. plane.

报告和五角大楼本周早些时候发布的另一份新闻声明中列举的例子包括：一架中国战斗机快速冲向一架美国军用飞机，俯冲到其机头下方，后来接近其下方3米；一架中国飞机飞到距离一架美国飞机机头不到6米的地方，美国飞机采取了规避动作以避免相撞；一架中国战斗机在距离一架美国飞机仅270米的地方发射了八枚照明弹。

Beijing did not immediately comment on the Pentagon report. Chinese officials have previously depicted the air intercepts as reasonable responses to foreign military patrols that threatened the country’s security.

北京没有立即对五角大楼的报告置评。中国官员此前将空中拦截描述为对威胁中国安全的外国军事巡逻的合理回应。

Taiwan

台湾

Like his predecessors, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, has said that he seeks a peaceful unification with Taiwan, but he has also said that he will not rule out the use of military force.

与其他前任一样，中国领导人习近平表示他寻求与台湾和平统一，但也表示不排除使用武力的可能性。

But over the past year, China has been extending its campaign of military pressure on Taiwan, sending jets, drones, bombers and other planes farther and in greater numbers to expand its presence around the island. It has warned that it could impose a blockade to choke off Taiwan.

但在过去一年里，中国一直在增大对台湾的军事压力，派出更多数量的喷气式飞机、无人机、轰炸机和其他飞机飞到更远、更多的地方，扩大其在台湾岛周围的存在。中国警告，它可能会对台湾实施封锁。

The Pentagon’s report said that China’s decades of efforts to modernize its military had continued to “widen the capability gap compared to Taiwan’s military.” It also noted that in the event of a protracted war with Taiwan, China could try to end the conflict by escalating “cyberspace, space or nuclear activities.”

五角大楼报告称，中国几十年的军事现代化努力继续“拉大了与台湾军队的能力差距”。它还指出，如果与台湾发生旷日持久的战争，中国可能会试图通过升级“网络空间、太空或核活动”来结束冲突。

Some U.S. commanders have previously suggested that Mr. Xi may have a specific time in mind for attempting a military takeover of Taiwan. But the new report emphasizes that an invasion of the island would be a “significant political and military risk” for Mr. Xi and the Chinese Communist Party.

一些美国指挥官此前曾暗示，习近平可能有一个试图军事接管台湾的具体时间表。但新报告强调，对习近平和中国共产党而言，入侵台湾将是“重大的政治和军事风险”。

“I don’t think that China has a timetable for unification, but they have a timetable for upgrading the military strength of the People’s Liberation Army,” said Ying-yu Lin, a military expert at Tamkang University in Taipei. “We cannot say that as the People’s Liberation Army’s strength grows, it will certainly take on Taiwan. The two must be clearly distinguished.”

“我不认为中国有统一的时间表，但他们有提升人民解放军军事实力的时间表，”台北淡江大学军事专家林颖佑说。“我们不能说，人民解放军的力量增强了，就一定会对台湾动手。两者必须明确区分开。”

Nuclear Buildup

核力量建设

Mr. Xi has markedly accelerated the expansion of China’s nuclear arsenal, narrowing its big gap with the United States and Russia. Beijing does not disclose details about how many nuclear weapons it possesses, and the Pentagon’s annual report is one of the few international sources that give detailed assessments of China’s expansion.

习近平明显加快了中国核武库的扩张，缩小了与美国和俄罗斯的巨大差距。北京没有透露其拥有多少核武器的细节，五角大楼的年度报告是对中国扩张进行详细评估的少数几个国际来源之一。

The Chinese military, the People’s Liberation Army, remains on track to have more than 1,000 nuclear warheads by 2030, the Pentagon estimates, most of them for missiles and other weapons capable of striking the continental United States.

五角大楼估计，到2030年，中国人民解放军有望拥有1000多枚核弹头，其中大部分用于导弹和其他能够打击美国本土的武器。

The most eye-catching evidence of China’s nuclear buildup in recent years has been three clusters of missile silos that have been dug out of the deserts of northern China. The Pentagon report found that construction of the silos had been completed by last year and that “at least some” intercontinental ballistic missiles had been installed in them.

近年来，中国核建设最引人注目的证据是在中国北方沙漠中挖掘的三个导弹发射井群。五角大楼的报告发现，发射井的建设已于去年完成，“至少安装了一些”洲际弹道导弹。

The Pentagon report also cited another development that may worry American military planners: that China “may be exploring development” of conventionally armed intercontinental missiles. Such missiles, the report said, could strike the continental United States and “would present significant risks to strategic stability.”

五角大楼的报告还提到了另一个可能令美国军事规划者担忧的发展：中国“可能正在探索发展”常规洲际导弹。报告称，这种导弹可以打击美国本土，“将对战略稳定构成重大风险”。