纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英五眼联盟指中国间谍活动日益针对科技公司

The United States and its allies vowed this week to do more to counter Chinese theft of technology, warning at an unusual gathering of intelligence leaders that Beijing’s espionage is increasingly trained not on the hulking federal buildings of Washington but the shiny office complexes of Silicon Valley.

本周，美国及其盟友誓言采取更多措施，打击中国窃取技术的行为，并在一次不同寻常的情报领导人会议上警告，北京的间谍活动日益针对的不是华盛顿庞大的联邦大厦，而是硅谷闪亮的办公大楼。

The intelligence chiefs sought to engage private industry in combating what one official called an “unprecedented threat” on Tuesday as they discussed how to better protect new technologies and help Western countries keep their edge over China.

周二，在讨论如何更好地保护新技术、帮助西方国家保持对中国的优势时，情报部门负责人寻求让私营企业参与打击一名官员所称的“前所未有的威胁”。

The choice of meeting venue — Stanford University, in Silicon Valley — was strategic. While Washington is often considered the key espionage battleground in the United States, F.B.I. officials estimate that more than half of Chinese espionage focused on stealing American technology takes place in the Bay Area.

会议地点选择在硅谷的斯坦福大学是有战略意义的。虽然华盛顿通常被视为美国主要的间谍活动战场，但联邦调查局官员估计，中国超过一半以窃取美国技术为重点的间谍活动发生在旧金山湾区。

It was the first time the heads of the F.B.I. and Britain’s MI5 and their counterparts from Australia, Canada and New Zealand had gathered for a public discussion of intelligence threats. It was, in effect, a summit of the spy hunters, the counterintelligence agencies whose job it is to detect and stop efforts by China to steal allied secrets.

这是美国联邦调查局和英国军情五处的负责人及澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰的负责人首次聚集在一起，公开讨论情报威胁。实际上，这是一次间谍猎手的峰会，这些反间谍机构的工作是发现并阻止中国窃取盟国机密的行为。

“That unprecedented meeting is because we are dealing with another unprecedented threat,” said Christopher A. Wray, the F.B.I. director. “There is no greater threat to innovation than the Chinese government.”

“这次史无前例的会面是因为我们正在应对另一个史无前例的威胁，”联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷说。“对于创新的最大威胁莫过于中国政府。”

The warnings come as the United States and China engage in an intense, and expanding, spy-versus-spy contest, and as U.S. officials say that China’s espionage efforts have reached across every facet of national security, diplomacy and advanced commercial technology in the United States and partner nations.

这些警告发出之际，美国和中国正展开一场激烈的、不断扩大的间谍对抗，同时美国官员表示，中国的间谍活动已经触及美国及其伙伴国的国家安全、外交和先进商业技术的各个方面。

The intelligence chiefs said they were making the case to private industry that the security interests of the West were aligned with their business interests. No one profits if China steals intellectual property, they argued.

情报部门负责人表示，他们正在向私营企业说明，西方国家的安全利益与他们的商业利益是一致的。他们认为，如果中国窃取知识产权，没有人能从中获利。

The spy chiefs said China is intensely interested in Western artificial intelligence, a technology that will allow countries to improve their intelligence collection and analysis and is set to be a driver of economic gains for years.

情报负责人说，中国对西方的人工智能非常感兴趣，这项技术将使各国改善情报收集和分析，并将在未来几年成为经济增长的推动力。

Just before the spy chiefs met on Tuesday, the Biden administration announced that it was limiting the sale of advanced semiconductors to China, a restriction that could curb China’s development of artificial intelligence.

就在情报部门负责人周二会面之前，拜登政府宣布，将限制向中国出售先进半导体，这可能会抑制中国人工智能的发展。

At a news conference on Tuesday evening, Mr. Wray said China was stealing American technological know-how and then turning around and using the stolen knowledge to steal more.

在周二晚间的新闻发布会上，雷表示，中国正在窃取美国的技术知识，然后又利用窃取的知识窃取更多东西。

“They are using A.I. to improve their already massive hacking operations, in effect using our own technology against us,” Mr. Wray said.

“他们正在利用人工智能来改进他们已经很大规模的黑客行动，实际上是在利用我们自己的技术来对付我们，”雷说。

Ken McCallum, the director general of MI5, said that the number of investigations into Chinese espionage had risen substantially in Britain since 2018, and that China had increased the number of approaches it has made to potential informants there. The technologies China is trying to steal have potential to transform both economics and security, and China is undertaking an ambitious effort of large scale, he said.

军情五处局长肯·麦卡勒姆表示，自2018年以来，英国针对中国间谍活动的调查数量大幅增加，中国也增加了对英国潜在线人的接触。他说，中国试图窃取的技术有可能改变经济和安全，它正在进行一项雄心勃勃的大规模努力。

“If you are anywhere near the cutting edge of tech, you may not be interested in geopolitics, but geopolitics is interested in you,” Mr. McCallum said.

“如果你处在科技的最前沿，你可能对地缘政治不感兴趣，但地缘政治对你感兴趣，”麦卡勒姆说。

The intelligence chiefs said China was using hacking, pressure on Chinese students, informants in Western companies and joint ventures with Western firms to try to steal critical technology.

情报部门负责人表示，中国正在利用黑客攻击，以及向中国学生、西方公司的线人、与西方公司的合资企业施压，试图窃取关键技术。

David Vigneault, the director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, said Western companies needed to understand that China had “changed the rules of the game.” He said laws in China compelled its nationals anywhere in the world to provide information to Beijing’s intelligence services.

加拿大安全情报局局长戴维·维格诺表示，西方公司需要明白，中国已经“改变了游戏规则”。他说，中国的法律迫使中国公民在世界任何地方向北京的情报机构提供信息。

“It means they have a way to coerce people here in our countries to essentially tell them, to give them the secrets,” Mr. Vigneault said.

“这意味着他们有办法强迫我们这些国家的人和他们交谈，告诉他们秘密，”维格诺说。

U.S. national security officials have said that preventing Beijing from imposing its rules on people overseas is a top priority. The United States is working to shut down illegal overseas police stations that the Justice Department says are used to monitor and intimidate dissidents.

美国国家安全官员说，防止北京将其规定强加给海外人士是当务之急。美国正在努力关闭非法的海外警务站。美国司法部说，这些警务站被用来监视和恐吓持异见者。

Mike Burgess, the director general of the Australian Security Intelligence Organization, said China was exploiting the openness of the West, and the desire of Western universities to collaborate.

澳大利亚安全情报组织总干事迈克·伯吉斯表示，中国正在利用西方的开放性以及西方大学的合作愿望。

“All nations spy, all nations seek secrets and all nations seek strategic advantage, but the behavior we are talking about here goes well beyond traditional espionage,” he said.

“所有国家都从事间谍活动，所有国家都寻求秘密，所有国家都寻求战略优势，但我们在这里讨论的行为远远超出了传统的间谍活动，”他说。