中共新一届政治局无女性委员，打破20年传统 - 纽约时报中文网

中共新一届政治局无女性委员，打破20年传统

Leadership Changes Reveal That in China, Men Still Rule

周六，贵州省委书记谌贻琴在党代会上。 Tingshu Wang/Reuters

No one expected that a woman would join Xi Jinping’s inner circle this week when he announced his new leadership team.

本周，当习近平宣布新的领导班子时，没有人期待他的核心圈子会出现女性 面孔。

But many China watchers were surprised when not a single woman was promoted to the Politburo, the party’s second-most powerful group and its executive policymaking body, a break with a two-decade tradition.

但令许多中国观察人士感到惊讶的是，也没有一名女性进入政治局，这打破了过去20年的传统。政治局是中国的第二大权力集团及其执行决策机构。

“It does certainly send a message that the Chinese Communist Party does not have an interest in advancing women’s political status,” said Minglu Chen, a senior lecturer at the University of Sydney who studies gender and politics in China.

悉尼大学研究中国性别与政治的高级讲师陈明璐（音）说：“这确实发出了一个信息，即中共对提高女性的政治地位没有兴趣。”

“The Chinese Communist Party really is still a patriarchal institution,” Ms. Chen said.

In his speech at the opening of Communist Party congress last Sunday, Mr. Xi pledged to “adhere to the basic state policy of gender equality.” Yet when it comes to promoting women into positions of power, the party has a poor record.

上周日，习近平在共产党代表大会开幕式的讲话 中承诺，“坚持男女平等的基本国策”。然而，在提拔女性担任权力职位方面，该党几乎毫无建树。

A woman has never been on its highest decision-making body, the Standing Committee. In the party’s seven-decade history, eight women have made it close, sitting on the larger Politburo.

从未有女性进入最高决策机构政治局常委。在党的70年历史上，离常委会最近的女性是八名进入政治局的女性委员。

One of those women, Sun Chunlan, had the credentials to be elevated to the Standing Committee, but she will step down from the Politburo this week, having surpassed the typical retirement age.

其中，孙春兰有资格晋升为常委，但她已经超过了通常的退休年龄，将于本周退出政治局。

Another woman, Shen Yiqin, had been widely expected to be promoted to the Politburo to take Ms. Sun’s place on the body, which now has 24 members. Ms. Shen was promoted to the 205-member Central Committee, along with 11 other women.

政治局目前有24名委员，外界曾普遍预计，接替孙春兰升任政治局委员的另一名女性将是谌贻琴。但谌贻琴只与其他11名女性一起进入中央委员会，该委员会有205名委员。

While there has never been an explicit rule that there must be a woman on the Politburo, for two decades it has always had at least one female representative. The last time a woman was not promoted to the Politburo was during the 15th Communist Party congress in 1997. .

虽然从来没有明确规定政治局必须有一名女性，但20年来始终至少有一名女性代表。上一次没有女性进入政治局是在1997年的中共十五大期间。

Ms. Shen might have made for a strong voice there, had she been promoted. She is the only woman to hold the title of provincial party secretary and is one of just four Chinese women to have ever secured that role. She is also a member of the Bai ethnic minority group, the kind of unofficial qualification that has tended to put female candidates on a fast track.

如果谌贻琴进入了政治局，她可能会在那里发出有力的声音。她是唯一一位担任省委书记职务的女性，仅有四名中国女性担任过这一职位。她还是一名白族人，这种非正式条件往往更有利于女性候选人的提拔。

Chinese state media has not covered Ms. Shen often, but in one rare appearance in 2020, she demonstrated humility when accepting her promotion to party chief of Guizhou Province. “I solemnly promise that I will treat comrades honestly and will never act like a patriarch who calls all the shots,” Ms. Shen was quoted as saying in local state media at the time.

中国官方媒体对谌贻琴的报道并不多，但在2020年罕见的一次露面中，她在接受贵州省委书记的任命时表现谦逊。当时当地官方媒体援引 谌贻琴的话说：“我郑重承诺，我一定真诚对待同志，决不搞一言堂、家长制。”

There were other strong female contenders for a position on the Politburo: Yu Hongqiu, the only woman among eight deputies at the Communist Party’s anti-corruption body, and Shen Yueyue, president of the All China Women’s Federation. Only Ms. Shen was promoted to the Central Committee this weekend.

政治局本来还有其他强有力的女性竞争者：中共反腐机构八名代表中唯一的女性喻红秋和全国妇联主席沈跃跃。本周末，只有谌贻琴被提拔为中央委员。

With little female representation in government, some women’s issues are likely to continue to be seen as a direct challenge to the party leadership‌. A sudden outburst of feminist discussion and support for victims of sexual assault, for example, has been swiftly extinguished over the past few years.‌ ‌

由于政府中的女性代表很少，一些女性问题可能会继续被视为对党的领导的直接挑战。例如，在过去几年中，突然爆发的女权主义讨论和对性侵犯受害者的支持很快就被扑灭 了。

In the United States and Europe‌, #Metoo claims have forced politicians out of office, but in China they are censored. When the tennis star Peng Shuai accused a top Chinese official of sexual assault, she was silenced by censors and disappeared for several weeks.

在美国和欧洲，“我也是”主张已迫使一些政客下台，但在中国，这一运动遭受审查。当网球明星彭帅指控一名中国高级官员性侵时，她被审查员噤声 并消失 了数周。

Zhang Gaoli, the now-retired official she accused, has not been cast aside by the party. He was given a prominent seat at the opening of the 20th party congress in the front row.

被她指控的高官是现已退休的张高丽，党并没有将他弃置一旁。在二十大开幕式上，他被安排坐在前排一个显眼的位置上。